The growing evidence behind exercise and cancer
Exercise has long been recognized as a crucial component of a healthy lifestyle. A growing body of research suggests that exercise plays an important role in prevention of certain cancers as well as treatment of cancer as an adjunct to chemotherapy. We sat down with two experienced oncologists, Valena Wright, MD, Gynecologic Oncologist at the Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center in Stoneham and Associate Professor at Tufts University School of Medicine, and Anasuya Gunturi, MD, PhD, Chief of Oncology at Lowell General Hospital to discuss the importance of physical activity for cancer patients and survivors.
Dr. Wright recently commented on a groundbreaking study published in the New England Journal of Medicine that demonstrated that a structured exercise program following chemotherapy treatment significantly improved survival rates for colon cancer patients.
Dr. Gunturi also commented on a similar study in JAMA Oncology which investigated the relationship between physical activity and the risk of developing digestive system cancers.
Why is exercise important for patients with cancer?
Dr. Valena Wright: Exercise relieves cancer-related symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and insomnia. Patients who are physically active can prevent the deconditioning that occurs during chemotherapy and recovery from surgery.
Dr. Anasuya Gunturi: It can help manage side effects of treatment and can lower the risk of recurrence of certain types of cancers.
What types of exercise are most beneficial?
VW: Resistance training, or strength training, for women is essential, especially those with premature menopause from gynecologic surgery or as side effects from radiation or chemotherapy.
Skeletal muscle is considered an endocrine organ. Myokines are released in response to muscle contraction and influence metabolism and inflammation linked to chronic disease and cancer.
AG: Any type is beneficial. The key is finding something sustainable that patients can stick with long-term.
How often should patients exercise?
VW: Exercise prescriptions should be reviewed with a physician. The American Cancer Society provides the following guidelines.
Adults should aim for 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity weekly, plus muscle-strengthening activities at least two days per week.
Cancer survivors are encouraged to return to normal activities gradually after treatment.
AG: Consistency matters more than perfection.
Are there any risks or precautions?
VW: Adaptations may be required for patients with pain or disabilities. A physical therapy consult can help design a safe program.
AG: Patients should avoid high-impact or contact sports when risk of injury or infection is present.
Can exercise improve treatment outcomes?
VW: While still debated, promising evidence shows improved disease-free and overall survival in some cancers.
AG: Patients who exercise often tolerate treatment better and maintain a more positive outlook.
How can patients get started safely?
VW: Walking is one of the best and most accessible ways to begin.
AG: Start slow and increase gradually. Adding resistance training twice a week is ideal.
Will exercise benefit patients with all types of cancer?
VW: Yes. The question is not whether exercise helps, but what type and intensity is appropriate.
AG: Benefits extend across all cancer types, including improved quality of life and reduced recurrence risk for some cancers.
The bottom line: Movement matters
Exercise programs should be tailored to each patient’s needs and abilities. Whether it’s a daily walk or structured resistance training, physical activity is a powerful tool in cancer care.
Patients should consult their healthcare team before starting a new exercise program.
Key takeaways
- Exercise plays a vital role in cancer care. It can reduce risk, improve treatment tolerance and support long-term survival.
- Movement helps manage side effects. Regular activity eases fatigue, anxiety and physical deconditioning.
- You don’t need intense workouts. Walking and basic strength training provide meaningful benefits.
- Strength training supports bone and muscle health. Resistance and weight-bearing exercises help preserve function.
- Start where you are. Even small amounts of activity matter.
