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Health Literacy Questionnaire Urdu (Australia) version

Characteristics

Domains assessed: Prose: Comprehension, Numeracy, Comprehension, Communication: Speaker, Application/function
Specific context: Health Promotion, General
Validation sample population age: Older Adults: 65+ years, Adults: 18 to 64 years
Modes of administration in validation study: Phone-based, Computer-based

Psychometrics

Number of items: 44
Sample size in validation study: 202
Language of validated version: Urdu

Main article reference

Saleem, A., Steadman, K.J., Osborne, R.H., La Caze, A. (2020). Translating and validating the Health Literacy Questionnaire into Urdu: a robust nine-dimension confirmatory factor model. Health Promotion International. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa149

Link to article

Corresponding author

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Ahsan Saleem
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School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Description

HLQ-Urdu is the Urdu version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). It measures traditional functional health literacy as well as 8 other elements in the Urdu language to cover the full construct of health literacy. The HLQ-Urdu has been validated for Urdu-speaking migrants. The HLQ was carefully developed and tested over many years using a validity-driven approach. It was designed for and is used in National Surveys, Clinical Trials, general surveys, for quality improvement, evaluation studies, and, importantly, to uncover mechanisms behind health inequalities to inform intervention development. The HLQ has been found to be useful at the patient-clinician level. Each measure is highly reliable (4 to 6 items) and generates key information about an individual's perceived health literacy abilities, and their experiences. As a multi-dimensional tool that has been designed to provide researchers, practitioners, organisations and governments with data describing the health literacy strengths and limitations of individuals and populations. As each scale is independent, 1 or more sales may be used to measure specific research questions or evaluate specific outcomes. To measure the full multidimensional concept of health literacy all 9 scales are required.

Year Measure first Published: 2020

About This Measure

Categorical scoring: No
Scoring categories: Independent scales measuring health literacy on a continuous scale. Scores range between 1 to 4 (for first 5 scales) and 1 to 5 (for scales 6 to 9).

About the Validation of this Measure

Country where validated: Australia
Content validity: The Health Literacy Questionnaire was adapted using forward-backward translation, consensus conference and cognitive interviews.
Reliability (Cronbach Alpha): 0.8
Reliability notes: Except for scale 1 (0.79), Cronbach's α was >0.8 for all the scales. Due to the known weaknesses of Cronbach's alpha (ie that a high number of items results in artificially high alpha, and that its calculation is based on a normal distribution of the data and equidistance between response options), composite reliability was also calculated. The composite reliability ranged from 0.84 to 0.91 for all scales.
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