Why do I need a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is the gold standard for screening colorectal cancer. It can prevent colorectal cancer by finding polyps in your colon and removing them before they become cancerous.
Colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms. A colonoscopy helps catch problems early when they are most treatable and in many cases prevent cancer altogether.
What exactly is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine your colon and large intestine using a thin flexible tube called a colonoscope. The scope has a small camera and light that send images to a screen so your doctor can see inside the colon.
A colonoscopy can detect:
- Polyps
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Diverticulosis
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Other abnormalities in the large intestine
Who needs a colonoscopy?
People at average risk for colorectal cancer should begin screening at age 45 and continue every 10 years through age 75. You may need a colonoscopy earlier or more often if you:
- Have a family history of colon cancer or colonic polyps
- Have had polyps in the past
- Have certain digestive conditions
After age 75 you and your doctor can decide together whether continued screening makes sense for you.
Even if you feel well and have no symptoms staying current with screening is one of the most important steps you can take for your colon health.
What happens when I arrive for my colonoscopy appointment?
- Welcome: You'll check in at the front desk and be greeted by our team.
- Getting ready: You'll change into a gown and receive cozy socks.
- IV placement: A nurse will place an IV so you're ready for sedation.
- Meet your care team: You'll speak with your doctor and anesthesiologist and have time to ask questions.
What happens during the colonoscopy?
The procedure itself usually takes 15 to 30 minutes.
- You'll receive sedation so you'll be asleep and comfortable.
- The colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum.
- Images from the camera allow your doctor to carefully examine the colon.
- If polyps or abnormalities are found they can often be treated or removed during the procedure.
- Small tissue samples may be taken for biopsy if needed. Most polyps are non-cancerous.
- Afterward you'll be moved to recovery where you'll gradually wake up.
- Results are often shared with you the same day. Once you're stable you'll be discharged.
Because of the sedation you'll need a friend or family member to drive you home.
How long does a colonoscopy take?
Most appointments take between 30 and 60 minutes including recovery time. Many patients are surprised by how quickly it's over.
What will I be asked before my colonoscopy?
Your care team will review:
- Your personal and family medical history
- Medications and supplements you take
- Whether you completed the bowel preparation
- Any questions or concerns you have
What questions should I ask before my colonoscopy?
You may want to ask:
- What happens during the procedure?
- How should I prepare?
- How long will it take?
- How will I feel afterward?
- Are there medications I should stop taking?
- What can I eat and drink beforehand?
- How often will I need future colonoscopies?
How to prepare for your colonoscopy
Diet
- A few days before your procedure you'll switch to a low-fiber diet and avoid foods like fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts and whole grains.
- The day before your colonoscopy you'll have only clear liquids such as broth, apple juice, grape juice and clear sports drinks. Avoid red purple or orange liquids.
Bowel preparation
- You'll take a prescribed laxative in pill or liquid form to fully clean the colon.
- Follow your doctor's instructions closely including timing and dosage. Proper preparation is key to an accurate exam.
How much does a colonoscopy cost?
Screening colonoscopies are covered under the Affordable Care Act meaning there is typically no co-pay deductible or co-insurance. Diagnostic colonoscopies may involve out-of-pocket costs depending on your insurance coverage.
Do I need a referral for a colonoscopy?
Referral requirements vary by insurance plan. It's best to contact your insurance provider before scheduling.
Feeling nervous about your colonoscopy?
Feeling anxious is completely normal especially if this is your first colonoscopy. Many people say it's much easier than they expected. To help ease nerves:
- Have someone you trust accompany you
- Practice deep breathing or relaxation techniques
- Remember the procedure is quick and painless
Surprising things about a colonoscopy
- It's painless because you're under anesthesia
- Many people say it's the best nap they've had
- Results are often shared the same day
Bottom line: It's going to be OK
A colonoscopy is a routine screening that plays a powerful role in preventing colorectal cancer. While it's normal to feel hesitant most people feel relieved once it's done and glad they took this important step for their health.
Colonoscopy FAQs
Is a colonoscopy painful?
No. You'll be sedated and won't feel pain during the procedure.
How often do I need a colonoscopy?
Most people need one every 10 years starting at age 45 but your doctor may recommend a different schedule based on your risk.
When can I return to normal activities?
Most people resume normal activities the next day though you should rest the day of the procedure.
Why is bowel prep so important?
A clean colon allows your doctor to clearly see and remove polyps. Incomplete prep may require repeating the procedure.
Next steps
If you're due for a colonoscopy or have questions about screening talk with your Tufts Medicine care team. We're here to guide you every step of the way and help you feel informed confident and supported.
