One of the most common types of heart tests is a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)—a noninvasive heart test that uses ultrasound to create real-time images of your heart. Your doctor might order this test to investigate symptoms like chest discomfort, shortness of breath, swelling in your legs or as part of routine heart care. Here’s what you need to know before you go.
What are the different types of echocardiograms?
There are several types of echocardiograms, each used for specific diagnostic purposes, including:
- Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE): This is the most common type of echo and the one we’ll talk about in this article. The test uses sound waves to create a detailed picture of how your heart is beating, how well your heart valves are working, and how effectively your heart is pumping blood.
- Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): This test is used if a TTE doesn’t provide enough detail. A small probe is inserted down your throat to get closer, clearer images of the heart.
- Stress echocardiogram: This is done while your heart is under stress from exercise or medication. This test evaluates how well your heart handles physical activity and can help detect coronary artery disease.
- Doppler echocardiogram: Doppler ultrasound is used to measure the flow of blood through the heart and vessels. It helps identify issues like valve problems or abnormal blood flow.
Why would my doctor recommend an echocardiogram?
Your doctor may recommend this test to:
- Assess heart valve function
- Evaluate the strength and efficiency of your heart’s pumping action
- Look for fluid buildup around the heart
- Investigate symptoms like shortness of breath, chest discomfort or swelling in the legs
What happens during an echocardiogram?
The test is quick and straightforward. Here's what you can expect:
- Preparation: You’ll remove all of your clothing from the waist up and be given a robe to change into. Then you'll lie on an exam table, and a small amount of gel will be applied to your chest to help the sound waves travel smoothly.
- The procedure: A sonographer will move a small device (called a transducer) across your chest. The transducer sends out sound waves that bounce off your heart and create images on a screen.
- Duration: The test usually takes about 45 to 60 minutes.
Do I need to prepare for the echocardiogram?
For most people, no special preparation is needed. You can eat and take your regular medications unless your doctor advises otherwise. You may want to wear a top that’s easy to remove, as the test requires access to your chest.
Is a transthoracic echocardiogram safe?
Yes, a transthoracic echocardiogram is completely safe. It doesn't use radiation, and the sound waves involved in the test are harmless. It’s a highly effective tool for assessing heart health with minimal risk.
Is an echocardiogram painful?
No, the transthoracic echocardiogram is not painful. The gel applied to your chest may feel cool and you may experience some slight pressure from the transducer, but the test is generally very comfortable and noninvasive.
When will I get my echocardiogram results?
The images taken during your test will be reviewed by a cardiologist, who will send a report to your doctor. Typically, you can expect to hear back within a few days. Your doctor will discuss the results with you and talk about any next steps if necessary.
What’s the most important thing to know before you go?
The echocardiogram is a simple, noninvasive procedure that gives your doctors important insights into how your heart is functioning. It’s a safe and effective way to monitor heart health, diagnose potential issues and guide treatment plans—all without the need for surgery or recovery time.
