What is ocular melanoma?
Ocular melanoma is a rare cancer that develops in the pigment-producing cells of the eye. Though less common than skin melanoma, it can be just as dangerous.
Ocular melanoma comes in several forms, with each one developing from the pigmented cells in your eye. These forms behave differently and affect different parts of your eye:
- Conjunctival melanoma affects the thin, transparent layer that covers the white part of your eye.
- Iris melanoma affects the colored part of your eye.
- Choroidal melanoma affects the thin layer of blood vessels that sit behind the white part of your eye.
Who is most at risk?
Ocular melanoma can affect anyone, but these factors increase your risk:
- High UV exposure
- Light-colored eyes
- Age (more common in older adults)
- Genetic mutations
What are the symptoms?
Ocular melanoma often has no early symptoms, which is one reason regular eye exams are so important. In later stages, you might notice:
- Blurred vision
- A dark spot on the iris
- Flashes of light
- Changes in the shape or position of the pupil
How is it detected?
The best way to detect ocular melanoma early is through routine dilated eye exams. If you notice any vision changes, don’t wait, see your ophthalmologist.
Can it be prevented?
While there’s no guaranteed prevention, you can lower your risk by wearing sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays and limiting sun exposure, especially during peak hours.
Is it related to skin melanoma?
Both cancers begin in melanocytes (pigment cells), but ocular melanoma develops inside the eye and is biologically distinct.
Can it spread?
Yes. Ocular melanoma can metastasize—most commonly to the liver. That’s why early detection and treatment are so important.
How is it treated?
The best option depends on the tumor’s size and location, but common treatments include:
- Radiation therapy
- Laser therapy
- Surgery
The bottom line
Your vision is irreplaceable. Protect your eyes from UV rays and get regular eye exams—especially if you're at higher risk
